Wally Smith

BSc Hons, PhD Psychology (University College London)

Professor

School of Computing and Information Systems

Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology

The University of Melbourne

wsmith@unimelb.edu.au | tel: +61 3 8344 1494

home projects publications students teaching
2023

Sidji, M., Smith, W., Rogerson, M. (2023). ‘The Hidden Rules of Hanabi: How Humans Outperform AI Agents’. Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA.

Webber, S., Kelly, R., Wadley, G. and Smith, W. (2023). ‘Engaging with Nature through Technology: a Scoping Review of HCI Research’. Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA.

2022

Cummings, D., Gibbs, M. & Smith, W. (2022) Constructing Authentic Spectatorship at an Esports Bar. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, Vol 51, Issue 2.

Tag, B., van Berkel, N., Vargo, A., Sarsenbayeva, Z., Colasante, T., Wadley, G., Webber, S., Smith, W., Koval, P., Hollenstein, T., Goncalves, J. & Kostakos, V. (in Press, available online) ‘Impact of the Global Pandemic upon Young People’s Use of Technology for Emotion Regulation’, Computers in Human Behaviour Reports.

Smith, W., Wadley, G. Webber, S., Tag, B., Kostakos, V., Koval, P. and Gross, J. (2022). ‘Digital Emotion Regulation in Everyday Life’. Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, (CHI ’22). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA.

2021

Smith, W. (2021). ‘Deceptive Strategies in the Miniature Illusions of Close-Up Magic’. In Rein, K. (Ed.) Illusion in Cultural Practice: Productive Deception. Routledge. (pp. 123 – 138)

Masters, P., Smith, W., Sonenberg, L. & Kirley, M. (2021) ‘Characterising Deception in AI: A Survey’. In Sarkadi, Wright, Masters, McBurnely (Eds). Deceptive AI. Springer. (pp. 17 – 26)

Smith, W., Kirley, M., Sonenberg, L. & Dignum F. (2021) ‘The role of environments in affording deceptive behaviour: some preliminary insights from stage magic’. In Sarkadi, Wright, Masters, McBurnely (Eds). Deceptive AI. Springer.

Masters, P., Smith, W., & Kirley, M. (2021). Extended Goal Recognition: Lessons from Magic. Frontiers in artificial intelligence, 4, 730990. https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2021.730990

Masters, P., Kirley, M., & Smith, W. (2021). Extended Goal Recognition: A Planning-Based Model for Strategic Deception. In Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and MultiAgent Systems (pp 871–879).

2020

Lewi, H., Smith, W., vom Lehn, D. & Cooke, S. (Eds) (2020) 'The Routledge International Handbook of New Digital Practies in Galleries, Libraries, Archives, Museums and Heritage Sites'. London: Routledge.

Smith, W., vom Lehn, D., Lewi, H., Constantinidis, D. & Best, K. (2020) 'The experience of using digital walking tours to explore urban histories', In Lewi et al (2020) Routledge Int. Handbook of New Digital Practices in GLAM. London: Routledge.

Wadley, G., Smith, W., Koval, P. & Gross, J. (2020) 'Digital emotion regulation', Current Directions in Psychological Science, 29(4), 412-418.

Carter, M. Webber, S., Rawson, S. Smith, W., Purdam, J. & McLeod, E. (2020) 'Virtual Reality in the Zoo: A Qualitative Evaluation of a Stereoscopic Virtual Reality Video Encounter with Little Penguins', (Eudyptula minor) Journal of Zoo and Aquarium Research, 8 (4), 239-245.

Webber, S. Carter, M., Smith, W., & Vetere, F. (2020) 'Co-Designing with Orangutans: Enhancing the Design of Enrichment for Animals', Proceedings of the 2020 ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference, 1713-1725.

Rogerson, M.J., Gibbs, M. & Smith, W. (2020). 'More Than the Sum of Their Bits', In Rerolling Boardgames: Essays on Themes, Systems, Experiences and Ideologies. McFarland.

2019

Lumagbas, J.J., Smith, W. Care, E. Scoular, S. (2019). ‘Tablet computers in Philippine public schools: school-level factors that influence technology management and use’, Technology, Pedagogy and Education, 28:1, 73-89.

McKay, D., Chang, S., Smith, W. & Buchanan, G. (2019) ‘The Things We Talk About When We Talk About Browsing: An Empirical Typology of Library Browsing Behavior’, Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, Published Online 23 April 2019.

Slaughter, Y., Smith, W. & Hajek, J. (2019) 'Video-conferencing and the networked provision of language programs in regional and rural primary schools', ReCALL: The Journal of the European Association for Computer Assisted Language Learning, Volume 31: 2, 204-217.

Allison, F., Newn, J., Smith, W., Carter, M. & Gibbs, M. (2019) Frame Analysis of Voice Interaction Gameplay. Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI2019, pp 1-13. ACM Press.

Rogerson, M.J., Gibbs, M. & Smith, W. (2019) ‘Understanding the travel motivations of game hobbyists’, Proceedings of DiGRAA.

2018

Smith, W., Lewi, H. & Nichols, D. (2018) 'PastPort: Reflections on the Design of a Mobile App for Citizen Heritage in Port Melbourne', Australian Historical Studies, 49 (1), 103-125.

Rogerson, M.J., Gibbs, M. & Smith, W. (2018) 'Cooperating to Compete: the mutuality of cooperation and competition in boardgame play', Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI2018. ACM Digital Library [CHI Honorable Mention Award]

Graham, C., Smith, W., Moncur, W. & van den Hoven, E. (2018) 'Introduction to Special Issue on Mortality in Design', Design Issues, 34(1): 3-14

Allison, F., Carter, M., Gibbs, M. & Smith, W. (2018) ‘Design Patterns for Voice Interaction in Games’, Proceedings of the 2018 ACM Annual Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction in Play (CHIPLAY), pp 5-17. ACM Press.

2017

Webber, S., Carter, M., Smith, W. & Vetere, F. (2017) 'Interactive Technology and Human-Animal Encounters at the Zoo', International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 98: 150–168.

Smith, W., Lewi, H. Saniga, A., Stickells, L. & Constantinidis, D. (2017) 'Bringing the Classroom into the World: Three Reflective Case Studies of Designing Mobile Technology to Support Blended Learning for the Built and Landscaped Environment', Journal of Problem-Based Learning in Higher Education, 5(1), 64-84.

Smith, W., Ploderer, B., Wadley, G. Webber, S. & Borland, R. (2017) 'Trajectories of Engagement and Disengagement with a Story-Based Smoking Cessation App', Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI2017, pp3045-3056. ACM Digital Library [CHI Honorable Mention Award]

Webber, S., Carter, M., Sherwin, S., Smith, W., Joukhadar, Z. & Vetere, F. (2017) 'Kinecting with Orangutans: Zoo Visitors’ Empathetic Responses to Animals’ Use of Interactive Technology', Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI2017, pp6075-6088. ACM Digital Library [CHI Best Paper Award]

Mckay, D., Chang, S. & Smith, W. (2017) 'Orchestral Manoeuvres: Design Implications of the Physical Mechanics of Library Shelf Browsing', Proceedings of ACM Conference on Human Information Interaction & Retrieval (CHIIR2017), pp1-10. ACM Digital Library

Dong, R, Carter, M., Smith, W., Joukhadar, Z., Sherwen, S., Smith, A. (2017) Supporting Animal Welfare with Automatic Tracking of Giraffes with Thermal Cameras. Proc. 29th Australian Computer Human Interaction Conference (OzCHI’17), ACM Digital Library

Smith, W., Wadley, G., Daly, O., Webb, M. , Hughson, J., Hajek, J., Parker, A., Woodward-Kron, R. & Story, D. (2017) 'Designing an App for Pregnancy Care for a Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Community', Proceedings of the Australian Computer-Human Interaction Conference, Brisbane, OZCHI2017, pp 337-346. ACM Digital Library. [OZCHI Honorable Mention Award]

Lederman, R., Constantinidis, D., Linden, T., Corrin, L. Pearce, J., Smith, W., Bailey, J. (2017) 'Using a Traffic Light System to Provide Feedback to IS Masters Students'. Proc. International Conference on Information Systems (ICIS 2017), AIS.

2016

Smith, W., Dignum, F. & Sonenberg, L. (2016) ‘The Construction of Impossibility: A Logic-Based Analysis of Conjuring Tricks’, Frontiers in Psychology, 7: 17 pages.

Lewi, H., Smith, W., Murray, A. & Cooke, S. (2016) ‘Visitor, Contributor and Conversationalist: multiple digital identities of the heritage citizen’, Historic Environment, 28 (2): 12-25.

Lewi, H. & Smith W. (2016) 'Citizen Heritage: provoking participation in place through digital technologies', Historic Environment, 28(2): 2-6.

Shedden, P., Ahmad, A., Smith, W., Tscherning, H., & Scheepers, R. (2016). 'Asset Identification in Information Security Risk Assessment: A Business Practice Approach'. Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 39 (1): Article 15, 23 pages.

Rogerson, M. J., Gibbs, M., & Smith, W. (2016). 'I Love All the Bits: The Materiality of Boardgames', Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI2016, pp. 3956-3969. ACM Digital Library.

Awori, K., Vetere, F., & Smith, W. (2016) 'Sessions with Grandma: Fostering Indigenous Knowledge through Video Mediated Communication.' Proceedings of the First ACM African Conference on Human Computer Interaction, AfriCHI2016, pp.1-11. ACM Digital Library

2015

Smith, W. (2015) 'Technologies of stage magic: Simulation and dissimulation', Social Studies of Science, 45(3): 319-343.

Ploderer, B., Smith, W., Pearce, J., & Borland, R. (2015). An object-centred approach to encourage online participation in the context of behaviour change. Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW), 24(1): 39-64.

Rogerson, M., Gibbs, M. & Smith, W. (2015) 'Digitising Boardgames: Issues and Tensions', Proceedings of DiGRA 2015 International Conference for Games Research, Luneberg Germany. pp 1-16.

Downs, J., Vetere, F., & Smith, W. (2015). 'Differentiated Participation in Social Videogaming.' Proceedings of the Australian Computer-Human Interaction Conference, OZCHI2015, pp. 92-100. ACM.

McKay, D., Smith, W., & Chang, S. (2015). 'Down the Superhighway in a Single Tome: Examining the Impact of Book Format on Borrowing Interactions' Proceedings of the Australian Computer-Human Interaction Conference OZCHI2015, pp517-525. ACM Digital Library

Lewi, H., Murray, A., Smith, W. & Webber, S. (2015) 'Some implications of digital social media for heritage practice.' ICOMOS Conference, Adelaide.

Awori, K., Vetere, F., & Smith, W. (2015). 'Transnationalism, Indigenous Knowledge and Technology: Insights from the Kenyan Diaspora' Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI2015, pp. 3759-3768. ACM Digital Library

2014

Lewi, H., Saniga, A. & Smith, W. (2014) ‘Immersive and Temporal Experiences in Historic Landscapes: designing a mobile digital guide for the Royal Botanic Gardens Melbourne’, Landscape Review, Vol 15 (1): 4-23.

Ploderer, B., Smith, W., Pearce, J. & Borland, R.A (2014) 'A Qualitative Study of a Smartphone App Offering Distractions and Tips to Cope with Cigarette Cravings', JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 2(2), e23: 13 pages.

Smith, W., Lewi, H., Constantinidis, D. & Stitt, H. (2014) 'Directed Looking and Proximal Content: Two Concepts for Designing Mobile Guides to Historic Urban Places', Proceedings of the Australian Computer-Human Interaction Conference OzCHI 2014. ACM Digital Library.

Wadley, G., Smith, W., Ploderer, B., Pearce, J., Webber, S., & Whooley, M. (2014). 'What people talk about when they talk about quitting', Proceedings of the Australian Computer-Human Interaction Conference OzCHI 2014. ACM Digital Library.

Smith, W., Wadley, G., Webber, S., Ploderer, B., & Lederman, R. (2014). 'Unbounding the Interaction Design Problem: the Contribution of HCI in Three Interventions for Well-being', Proceedings of the Australian Computer-Human Interaction Conference OzCHI 2014. ACM Digital Library

Paay, J., Kjeldskov, J., Brinthaparan, U., Lichon, L., Rasmussen, S., Srikandaraja, N., Smith, W., Wadley, G., & Ploderer, B. (2014) 'Quitty: Using Technology to Persuade Smokers to Quit', Proceedings of the Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction NordiCHI 2014. ACM Digital Library

McKay, D., Chang, S. & Smith, W. (2014) 'Lend me some sugar: Borrowing rates of neighbouring books as evidence for browsing', Digital Libraries Conference 2014, London. ACM Digital Library

Downs, J., Vetere, F., Howard, S., Loughnan, S., & Smith, W. (2014). 'Audience experience in social videogaming: Effects of turn expectation and game physicality' Proceedings of the 32nd annual ACM conference on Human factors in computing systems CHI2014 (pp. 3473-3482). ACM.

2013

Constantinidis, D., Smith, W., Chang, S., Lewi, H., Saniga, A. & Sadar, J. (2013) 'Designing Fieldwork with Mobile Devices for Students of the Urban Environment', Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Australasian Society for Computer is Learning in Tertiary Education ASCILITE, Sydney.

Ploderer, B., Smith, W., Howard, S., Pearce, J., & Borland, R. (2013). Patterns of support in an online community for smoking cessation. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Communities and Technologies, pp26-35. ACM Digital Library

2012

Lewi, H., Saniga, A. & Smith, W. (2012) 'Presenting Historic Landscapes: A Mobile Digital Guide to the Botanic Gardens Melbourne', Proceedings of Annual Conference of SAHANZ, Society of Architectural Historians of Australia and New Zealand.

Ploderer, B., Smith, W., Howard, S., Pearce, J., & Borland, R. (2012). 'Things you don’t want to know about yourself: Ambivalence about tracking and sharing personal information for behaviour change', Proceedings of the Australian Computer-Human Interaction Conference OzCHI 2012, pp489-492. ACM Digital Library.

Ploderer, B., Smith, W., Howard, S., Pearce, J., & Borland, R. (2012, May). Introducing the ambivalent socialiser. Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp1511-1514. ACM Digital Library

2011

Nansen, B., Pearce, J. & Smith, W. (2011) 'Gardening online: A tale of suburban informatics', In M.Foth, L.Forlano, C.Satchell & M.Gibbs (eds) From Social Butterfly to Engaged Citizen: Urban Informatics, Social Media, Ubiquitous Computing, Mobile Technology to Support Citizenship’, Cambridge MA: MIT Press. pp 151-166

Lewi, H. & Smith, W. (2011) 'Hand-held histories: using digital archival documents on architectural tours. Architectural Research Quarterly, 15(1): 69-77.

Shedden, P., Scheepers, R., Smith, W. & Ahmad, A. (2011) 'Incorporating a knowledge perspective into security risk assessments', The Journal of Information and Knowledge Management Systems, 41(2): 152-166.

Pathmanathan, V., Pearce, J., Kjeldskov, J. & Smith, W. (2011) ‘Using Mobile Phones for Promoting Water Conservation’, Proceedings of the 23rd Australian Computer-Human Interaction Conference OZCHI2011, pp243-252. ACM Digital Library

BEFORE 2010

Journals

Smith, W. (2009) 'Theatre of Use: A Frame Analysis of IT Demonstrations', Social Studies of Science, 39(3): 449-480.

Smith, W. & Lewi, H. (2008) 'The Magic of Machines in the House', Journal of Architecture, 13(5): 633-660.

Smith, W. & Dowell, J. (2000) 'A case-study of coordinative decision-making in disaster management', Ergonomics, 43(8): 1153-1166.

Smith, W., Dowell J. & Ortega-Lafuente, M. (1999) 'Designing paper disasters: an authoring environment for developing exercises in integrated emergency management', Cognition, Technology & Work, 1, 119-131.

Smith, W., Hill, B., Long, J. & Whitefield, A. (1997) 'A design-oriented framework for modelling the planning and control of multiple task work in secretarial office administration', Behaviour and Information Technology, 16(3), 161-183.

Smith, W., Randell, M., Lewandowsky, S., Kirsner, K. & Dunn, J. (1996) Collaborative research into cognitive technology: the importance of shared commitment, coherence and domain knowledge. Cognitive Technology, 1(1), 9-18.

Hill, B., Long, J., Smith, W. & Whitefield, A. (1995) 'A model of medical reception - the planning and control of multiple task work', Applied Cognitive Psychology, 9, 81-114.

Smith, W., Dunn, J., Kirsner, K. & Randell, M. (1995) 'Colour in map displays: issues for task-specific display design', Interacting With Computers, 7(2), 151-165.

Davies, I. R., Corbett, G. G., Laws, G., McGurk, H., Moss, A. S. G., & Smith, W. (1991). Linguistic basicness and colour information processing. International Journal of Psychology, 26(3), 311-327.

Book Chapters

Keogh, K., Sonenberg, L. & Smith, W. (2009) 'Coordinating in Adaptive Organisations: Extending Shared Plans with Knowledge Cultivation', In G.Vouros, A.Artikis, K.Stathis, J.Pitt (eds) Organised Adaptation in Multi-Agent Systems. Springer-Verlag: Berlin, Heidelberg. pp 90-107

Dowell, J. & Smith, W. (1998) Coordination training for distributed worksystems in emergency management. In Y.Waern (Ed) Co-operative Process Management: Cognition and Information Technology. Taylor & Francis. pp 147-157.

Dowell, J., Smith, W. & Pidgeon, N. (1997) Designing the natural: an engineering process for Naturalistic Decision Making. In R.Flin, M.Strub, E.Salas & L.Martin (Ed.s) Decision-Making Under Stress: Emerging Themes and Applications. Avebury. pp 126-136.

Refereed Conference Papers

Ku, S., Pearce, J. & Smith, W. (2010) 'Can Traditional HCI Principles Be Applied to Computing Technology in Learning Contexts?' Proceedings of the 22nd Australian Computer-Human Interaction Conference OZCHI2011, pp328-331. ACM.

Ku, S., Pearce, J. & Smith, W. (2010) 'The role of a Computerised Concept Mapping Tool in the Context of the Australian PhD Candidature – An Exploratory Longitudinal Study', E-Learn 2010; World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education. United States, pp. 2571-2580. AACE International.

Shedden, P., Smith, W. & Ahmad, A. (2010) 'Information Security Risk Assessment: Towards a Business Practice Perspective', Proceedings of the 8th Australian Information Security Management Conference. Churchlands, Australia: Edith Cowan University. pp127-138.

Smith, W., Lewi, H., Darian-Smith, K. & Pearce, J. (2010) 'Re-connecting visual content to place in a mobile guide for the Shrine of Remembrance', In Proceedings of EVA 2010: Electronic Visualisation in the Arts. pp 1 - 8. British Computing Society.

Pearce, J., Smith, W., Nansen, B. & Murphy, J. (2009) 'SmartGardenWatering: Experiences of using a garden watering simulation', In Proceedings of the 21st Australian Computer-Human Interaction Conference OZCHI2011, pp 1- 8. ACM

Shedden P., Smith, W., Scheepers R. & Ahmad A. (2009) 'Towards a Knowledge Perspective in Information Security Risk Assessments – an Illustrative Case Study', In Proceedings of the 20th Australasian Conference on Information Systems, , pp 74-84.

Lewi, H., Darian-Smith, K. & Smith, W. (2009) 'New technologies of history-telling at The Shrine of Remembrance', In Gatley, J. (ed) Proceedings of 26th International Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians of Australia and New Zealand, Auckland. pp 1 -10.

Pearce J., Murphy J. & Smith, W. (2008) 'Supporting gardeners to plan domestic watering: a case study of designing an everyday simulation', In Proceedings of the 18th Australian Computer-Human Interaction Conference OZCHI2008, pp 1-4. ACM.

Smith, W. & Lewi, H. (2007) 'Magical Beginnings of the Mundane', In Proceedings of the International Workshop on Social Interaction and Mundane Technologies. University of Lancaster. ISBN: 978-1-86220-208-5. pp 1-4.

Lewi, H. & Smith, W. (2007) 'Trivial Technologies of Effect in the Home', In Proceedings of Techniques & Technologies: Fourth International Conference of the Association of Architecture Schools of Australasia, pp 137-143. Sydney: UTSePress.

Smith, W., Acay, D., Fano, R. & Ratner, G. (2006) Tools for designing and delivering multiple-perspective scenarios. In Proceedings of the 16th Australian Computer-Human Interaction Conference OZCHI2011. pp 1-8. ACM.

Pedell, S. & Smith, W. (2005) Relating context to interface: An evaluation of picture scenarios. In T. Bentley & S. Balbo (Eds.) In Proceedings of the 15th Australian Computer-Human Interaction Conference OZCHI2011. pp 1-4.

Smith, W. (2004) The misrepresentation of use in technology demonstrations. In: In Proceedings of the 6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Computer-Human Interaction. pp 1-10. Berlin, Springer-Verlag.

Smith, W. (2004) The Complex Structure of Office Work: Tasks, Activities & Modes. In P.Hyland (Ed.) Proceedings of the 14th Australian Computer-Human Interaction Conference OZCHI2011, pp 1-10. Wollongong.

Wilson, G., Jackson, P. & Smith, W. (2003) Knowledge management strategies in a small and medium sized enterprise: a tale of two systems. In Proceedings of 14th Australasian Conference on Information Systems, Perth, Western Australia. pp 1-10.

Thomas, R., Smith, W & Jackson, P. (2003) The relationship between process and practice: the case of a sales order office. In C.Standing & P.Love (Eds) In Proceedings of 14th Australasian Conference on Information Systems, Perth, Western Australia. pp 1-9.

Smith, W. (2001). Documenting and disseminating narrative knowledge. In W.Smari, N.Melab & K.Yetongnon (Eds) In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Information Systems Engineering, Las Vegas. pp 1-8.

Martin, I. & Smith, W. (2000). Problems in planning for multi-party systems: Why does history repeat itself? In In Proceedings of We-B Conference, Perth, Western Australia. pp 1-8

Smith, W. (2000). Managing information and knowledge in a virtual organization: lessons from the Emergency Coordination Centre. In Proceedings of We-B Conference, Perth, Western Australia. pp 1-8.

Dowell, J. & Smith, W. (1999) Designing case based learning. In S. Bagnara (Ed) Proceedings of the European Conference on Cognitive Science, Siena. pp 1-8.

Smith, W., Dowell J. & Ortega-Lafuente, M. (1999) Support for interorganizational knowledge on disasters. In S.Sarkar & S.Narasimha (Eds) Proceedings of the Ninth Workshop on Information Technologies & Systems, Charlotte. pp 1-10.

Smith, W. & Dowell, J. (1999) Travels in ‘I-Space’: the diffusion of disaster management knowledge. In B. Hope & P.Yoong (Eds) Proceedings of Tenth Australasian Conference on Information Systems. Wellington, NZ. pp 1-10.

Smith, W., Dowell J. & Ortega-Lafuente, M. (1999) 'Designing paper disasters: an authoring environment for developing exercises in integrated emergency management', Cognition, Technology & Work, 1, 119-131. (Internationally well-regarded but non-ERA-ranked journal).

Smith, W., Dowell J. & Ortega-Lafuente, M. (1998) Narratran: a tool for designing emergency management training. In Green T.R.G., Bannon L., Warren C., & Buckley J., (ed.s) Cognition and Cooperation: Proceedings of the Ninth European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics. EACE: Paris. pp1-8.

Hill, B., Long, J.B., Smith, W. & Whitefield, A.D. (1993). Planning for multiple task work - an analysis of a medical reception worksystem. In S.Ashlund, K.Mullet, A.Henderson, E.Hollnagel & T.White (Eds) Human Factors in Computing Systems: Proceedings of INTERCHI'93. Addison-Wesley. pp 1-10.