Chaichana, C, Lu Aye & Charters, WWS 2003, 'Natural working fluids for solar-boosted heat pumps', Revue Internationale du Froid, International Journal of Refrigeration, International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR), vol. 26, no. 6, pp. 637-43.

Abstract

The option of using natural working fluids as a substitute of R-22 for solar-boosted heat pumps depends not only upon thermal performance and hazardous rating but also on potential impacts on the environment. This paper presents the comparative assessment of natural working fluids with R-22 in terms of their characteristics and thermophysical properties, and thermal performance. Some justification is given for using natural working fluids in a solar boosted heat pump water heater. The results show that R-744 is not suitable for solar-boosted heat pumps because of its low critical temperature and high operational pressures. On the other hand, R-717 seems to be a more appropriate substitute in terms of operational parameters and overall performance. However, major changes in the heat pumps are required. R-290 and R-1270 are identi.ed as candidates for direct drop-in substitutes for R-22.

Keywords: Natural working fluids; Comparison; Solar heat pumps; Water heater