Proceedings of the Fourteenth Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference

Table of Contents

The G.K. Batchelor Lecture
The fluid mechanics of natural ventilation, Paul F Linden

Plenary Lecture
New developments in Large Eddy Simulation of Complex Flows, P Moin
Near-wall coherent structure generation in a turbulent boundary layer, Wade Schoppa & Fazle Hussain
Laboratory and computer experiments on turbulent mixing, Paul E Dimotakis
Effects of free-stream nonuniformity on boundary layer transition, JH Watmuff

Topical Reviews
Stability of nonparallel flows: ‘Minimal composite’ theories, Roddam Narasimha & Sama Govindarajan
‘Homogeneous turbulence’ and its relation to realizable flows, WK George, H Wang, C Wollblad & TG Johansson
Challenges for innovation in aerodynamics, AJ Smits
Some basic problems of microfluidics, P Tabeling
A few examples of industrial problems that would benefit from improved understanding of fluid flow, Peter Mullinger
Progress made in viscoelastic fluid mechanics, DV Boger
Environmental exchange flows, GN Ivey
Wind wave evolution in finite depth water, IR Young & AV Babanin
Experiments on natural convection boundary layers – the role of instabilities, John C Patterson

Aero-Acoustics
 Surface pressure measurements on a group of idealized road vehicle models, FAlam, G Zimmer & Simon Watkins
Computation of acoustic waves generated by a co-rotating vortex pair, K Liow, MC Thompson & K Hourigan
An instance of cavity resonance interaction with an open-jet tunnel free shear layer, J Milbank, Simon Watkins & RM Kelso
Simulation of acoustic resonance generated by flow around a long rectangular plate placed in a duct, BT Tan, MC Thompson & K Hourigan
 The contribution of the A-pillar vortex to passenger car in-cabin noise, G Zimmer, F Alam & Simon Watkins

Aerodynamics
Interference drag between spherical and cylindrical particles in stokes flow, AKW Cheung, BT Tan, K Hourigan & MC Thompson
Physical mechanism of incipient separation in shock wave/boundary layer interactions induced by a sharp fin, Hua-Shu Dou & Nhan Phan-Thien
The dependence of the discharge coefficient on density contrast – experimental measurements, Joanne M Holford & Gary R Hunt
Mean velocity, Reynolds stress and static pressure measurements in an air cyclone, JD Hooper & Simon Watkins
Some aspects of the aerodynamics of membrane wings, Peter S Jackson, Michael S Johnston & Richard GJ Flay
Research and testing in the new transonic wind tunnel at AMRL, N Matheson & SS Lam
Görtler vortices in curved mixing layers and their effect on the inherent instabilities, SR Otto & TR Cole
PIV measurements in a forced separated shear layer from a blunt leading edge, NR Panchapakesan & J Soria
Impulsively started flow over an airfoil at an angle of attack, K Parker, J Soria, TT Lim & TH New
Visualization of a three dimensional heaving aerofoil flow, KD von Ellenrieder, K Parker & J Soria
The aerodynamic characteristics of a family of flying wing shapes suited for small RPVs, Simon Watkins
How accurately is a helical vortex represented by straight segments?, DH Wood & D Li
Frequency and amplitude effects in the wake of a plunging airfoil, J Young & JCS Lai
Re dependence of the energy dissipation rate and spectrum in shear flows, BR Pearson, P-Å Krogstad & MA Carper

Atmospheric Research
Particle-pair separation processes in turbulence, MS Borgas & PK Yeung
Project prairie grass – a classic atmospheric dispersion experiment revisited, BL Sawford

Boundary Layers
Symmetry breaking to modulated rotating waves in an enclosed swirling flow, HM Blackburn & JM Lopez
Pressure field calculation in flow simulation by discrete vortex method, KL Lai & MK Bull
Turbulent drag reduction by spanwise wall oscillation, Jung-Il Choi, Chun-Xiao Xu & Hyung Jin Sung
Blowing-induced boundary layer-layer separation of shear-thinning fluids, PP Dabrowski & JP Denier
Structure of rough wall turbulent boundary layers at relatively high Reynolds number, S Bisceglia, RJ Smalley, L Djenidi & RA Antonia
The effect of diffusive mass transfer on boundary-layer stability, IA Halatchev & JP Denier
Turbulent boundary layer evolution towards equilibrium conditions, AK Hellstedt, MB Jones & MS Chong
Interaction between turbulence wedges which develop from roughness row in a flat plate laminar boundary layer, M Ichimiya & C Sudo
Experimental study of high Reynolds number turbulent boundary layers – mean flow scaling, MB Jones, N Nishizawa & MS Chong
Assessment of local blowing and suction in a turbulent boundary layer, Kyoungyoun Kim & Hyung Jin Sung
Flow field calculation in a turbulent lubrication film, PB Kosasih & AK Tieu
A structure detection method based on wavelets, JH Kaspersen & P-Å Krogstad
Experimental study of near-wall models for large-eddy simulation, GJ Kunkel, I Marusic & F Porté-Agel
Experimental study of turbulent flow along a streamwise edge (Chine), KAM Moinuddin, S Hafez, PN Joubert & MS Chong
The mean velocity profile for wall-bounded flows at low Reynolds number, TB Nickels
Effect of wall suction on a turbulent boundary layer: Reynolds number dependence, O Oyewola, L Djenidi & RA Antonia
Artificial thickening of wind tunnel boundary layers via an array of cross-flow jets, JL Roberts & GJ Walker
On open venturis, EO Tuck
Interpretation of space-time velocity correlations in wall turbulence, AK Mesbah Uddin, I Marusic & PK Subbareddy
The structure of longitudinal vortices within the atmosphere, CE Watson & SR Otto
A correct model of variance, skewness, kurtosis in boundary layer with turbulent external layer, Paola Gualtieri & Guelfo Pulci Doria
Pressure fluctuations on cylinders with thick turbulent boundary layers in axial and near-axial flows, FK Berera& MK Bull

Combustion
Combined PDA/LIF measurements in simple, evaporating turbulent spray jets, Yung-Cheng Chen, Sten H Starner & Assaad R Masri
Hydrocarbon fuelled pulse detonation engine analysis, Con Doolan
Modelling of coal combustion in full-scale industrial furnace, Monir Hossain & Jamal Naser
The impact of strong swirl and buoyancy on the structure of turbulent jets and flames, W Kollmann & IM Kennedy
Flowfield regimes of non-reacting swirling flows, Yasir M Al-Abdeli & Assaad R Masri
Comparisons of isothermal and combusting jets, CPSyred & T O’Doherty
Characterization of turbulence generated by perforated plugs of different hole sizes placed upstream of a Bunsen burner,Yung-Cheng Chen & Robert W Bilger
The effect of oxygen concentration on the structure of turbulent nonpremixed flames, BB Dally, AN Karpetis & RS Barlow

Computational Fluid Dynamics
Decay of wall bounded turbulence and turbulent scalar field, JP Bertoglio, H Touil, L Shao & G Lamaison
A numerical method for modeling of two-fluid flow – solid interaction, AV Bui & M Rudman
Assessment of turbulence models for simulating internal reacting flows in a ducted rocket, FC Christo
Three-dimensional modeling of a tsunami interacting with real topographical coastline using smoothed particle hydrodynamics, François Debroux, Mahesh
Prakash & Paul Cleary
Modelling of the effect of concentrated wall suction on a turbulent boundary layer using a second-order moment closure, L Djenidi & RA Antonia
The transition to three-dimensionality in the flow produced by an oscillating circular cylinder, JR Elston, J Sheridan & HM Blackburn
An effective method of calculating transonic flows and wave drag of axisymmetric and 3-D elongate bodies within framework of transonic equivalence rule, AS Fonarev, Jehangir T Madhani & MA Naida
Effect of a downstream sudden contraction on flow instability behind a sudden pipe expansion, BGuo, DF Fletcher & TAG Langrish
Modelling of fluid flow in a 3-axial groove water bearing using computational fluid dynamics, R Pai, DJ Hargreaves & R Brown
Merger of stretched vortices at high Reynolds number, K Higgins, A Ooi & MS Chong
A new NVD scheme in pressure-based finite volume methods, MH Djavareshkian
Flow past elliptical cylinders at low Reynolds numbers, SA Johnson, MC Thompson & K Hourigan
The generation and suppression of vortex breakdown by upstream swirl perturbations, MC Jones, K Hourigan & MC Thompson
Toward a geometry independent criterion for vortex breakdown, MC Jones, K Hourigan & MCThompson
A three-dimensional simulation of temperature and water vapour distributions between a heat source and a ventilating hood, CP Tso, SCM Yu, PC Chia & K Sundaravadivelu
Two- and three-dimensional temperature structures in a shallow wedge subject to solar radiation, Chengwang Lei & John C Patterson
Navier-Stokes simulation of 2-D unsteady aerodynamics of a turbine cascade, IW McBean, F Liu, K Hourigan & MC Thompson
Large Eddy Simulation of transient ceiling jet in a comparatiment fire environment, V Novozhilov
An investigation of the relationship between flow topology and the distribution of a passive scalar in isotropic turbulence, PL O’Neill & J Soria
A numerical study of swirling vortex rings, A Ooi, J Soria, TT Lim, W Kollmann & MS Chong
Three-dimensional modeling of dam-break induced flows using smoothed particle hydrodynamics, Mahesh Prakash, François Debroux & Paul Cleary
Flow transition in the wake of a rotating sphere, CJ Pregnalato, MC Thompson & K Hourigan
Three dimensional flow development in the wake of elongated bluff bodies, Kris Ryan, MC Thompson & K Hourigan
Spectral element based dynamic Large Eddy Simulation of turbulent channel flow, S Schmidt & HM Blackburn
Mathematical modeling of magnetic flow control in a single belt caster, SH Seyedein & MR Aboutalebi
A numerical study of bluff ring wake stability, GJ Sheard, MC Thompson & K Hourigan
Quasi-consistence hexahedral element method for three-dimensional convection problems, Shiqiang Wu, Daoyang Ding & Jinpei Liu
CFD code benchmark on void fraction distribution in subcooled flow boiling of a concentric annular tube at low pressure, Denpong Soodphakdee, JY Yu & Masud Behnia
Adaptive electromagnetic control of artificially induced disturbances, EC Spong, JA Reizes & E Leonardi
Multi-fluid multi-dimensional numerical and experimental investigation of dispersed two-phase flow with wall liquid film in the vicinity of obstacles, Zoran V Stosic, Vladimir D Stevanovic & Akimi Serizawa
3D propagation of CHF/Rewet front within rod bundle in turbine-trip-w/o-bypass simulation: Experimental and numerical investigation based on porousmedia, Zoran V Stosic, Vladimir D Stevanovic & Tadashi Iguchi
Large Eddy Simulation of plane turbulent impinging jets, François Beaubert & Stéphane Viazzo
Finite element modeling of generalized Newtonian flows, W Barth, G Carey, S Chow & B Kirk

Diverse Topics in Fluid Mechanics
On the relationship between large-scale forcing and small-scale statistics in decaying grid turbulence, F Anselmet, RA Antonia, L Danaila & T Zhou
Simulation and scaling of unstable natural convection flow in stratified open cavities, SW Armfield & A Javam
Leakage flow and shear stress in the clearance gap of a heart pump model, LP Chua, KS Ong, T Zhou & SCM Yu
Measurements of gap velocity in a heart pump model, LP Chua, KS Ong, SCM Yu, WK Chan & YW Yang
Transient flow in a ventilated enclosure containing a vertically distributed source of buoyancy, Paul Cooper, Gary R Hunt & Paul F Linden
Natural ventilation of a side-vented enclosure containing a source of welding fume, G Slater, Paul Cooper & J Norrish
A fully implicit particle-in-cell method for granular flows, SJ Cummins & JU Brackbill
Surface solidification in open channel flow, Ross W Griffiths, RC Kerr & KV Cashman
Redesigning the rotor fan blades to improve the cooling of Roxburgh’s hydro-generators, B Liddell, A Tucker, I Huntsman, M Manders & C McDonald
Influence of electromagnetic field on the capillary flow between parallel plates, K Sundaravadivelu & CP Tso
Estimation of blast overpressure from a cylindrical charge using time of arrival sensors, G Katselis & JG Anderson
Theoretical and experimental modeling of thermal erosion by laminar lava flows, RC Kerr
PIV study of lubricant flow in journal bearing supply pocket, PB Kosasih, AK Tieu & EB Li
Convective circulation driven by a non-uniform bottom heat flux and a localized salinity flux, Julia C Mullarney, Ross W Griffiths & Graham O Hughes
Low Froude number frequency response of the wake for flow past a cylinder close to a free surface, PJ Reichl, K Hourigan & MC Thompson
A study of volute tongue and passage design on the performance of centrifugal turbomachines, K Miyanaga, T Kobayashi, T Ichimiya, T, Sakai & A Whitfield
Stability of Taylor-Couette flow with axial flow, WH Tan, KD von Ellenrieder, TT Lim & J Soria

Experimental Techniques
Measurement of flow-induced pressures on the surface of a model in the AMRL water tunnel, Lincoln P Erm
Residual swirl in axial-flow pump, HS Parmigiani & A Revel, BP Huynh
Analysis of four data reduction schemes applied to four-sensor hot-wire probes, P Lavoie & A Pollard
An investigation on the length to diameter ratio of hot wire filament in turbulenct measurements, JD Li
Measuring local time-averaged airflow velocity through an automotive heat exchanger, Eton Y Ng, Simon Watkins, Peter W Johnson & Lindsay Mole
A single moduled laser interferometer for wall shear stress measurement, N Nishizawa, MB Jones & MS Chong
Manipulation of natural frequency separation to improve dynamics response of hot-wire probes, CS Anderson, S Eren Semercigil & Özden F Turan
Characterisation of the plug-holing phenomenon for the exhausting of a low density gas layer, J Viot, O Vauquelin & N Rhodes
Transverse velocity and temperature derivative measurements in grid turbulence, T Zhou, RA Antonia, J-J Lasserre, M Coantic & F Anselmet
Performance of an energy-temperature dissipation rate probe in decaying grid turbulence, T Zhou, RA Antonia & LP Chua
Rapid measurement of bubble size in gas-liquid flows using a bubble detection technique, Younggang Zhu, Jie Wu & Richard Manasseh

Gas Dynamics
Natural ventilation by the competing effects of localized and distributed heat sources, Gary R Hunt, Joanne M Holford & Paul F Linden
Effect of column spacing on wave force, CE Quadros
Effect of unequal granular temperature on number of collision and dilute viscosity of kinetic theory, MF Rahaman & Jamal Naser
Optically addressed pressure sensors for transient gas dynamics: Calibration of a preliminary design, SA Sharifian & DR Buttsworth
Outline of a theory of non-Rankine-Hugoniot shock wave in weak Mach reflection, Alfred Siegenenthaler & Jehangir T Madhani
Shape optimisation for supersonic nozzle flows, DH Smith

Groundwater
Assessing the accuracy of finite element code in solving the advection-diffusion equation using the Gauss Pulse Test, AG Smith & MD Teubner

Hydraulics
Supercritical leaps in two-layer hydraulics, SR Clarke & ER Johnson
Investigation of spillway behaviour under increased maximum flood by computational fluid dynamics technique, DKJ Ho, KM Boyes & SM Donohoo

Hydrodynamics
Effect of double diffusion on mixing of discharges from coastal outfalls, MM Chow, SSS Cardoso & Joanne M Holford
Breakdown of inertial waves in a tube with variable cross-section, OG Derzho & R Grimshaw
Inertial oscillations and the thermal bar, DE Farrow
Flow over a body of revolution in a steady turn, PA Gregory, PN Joubert & MS Chong
On competition between modes at the onset of thermocapillary convection under a uniform vertical magnetic field, I Hashim & NM Arifin
Structure of vortex breakdown in a torsionally driven cylinder at low Reynolds number, K Hourigan & MC Thomspon
Prediction of yacht roll motion at zero forward speed, K Klaka, JR Krokstad & MR Renilson
A study of a backward facing step flow at two Reynolds numbers, J Kostas, J Soria & MS Chong
Water column destratification using a pulsed jet system, CJ Lemckert & C Forsyth
An experimental and numerical investigation of Taylor vortex flow in the system of coaxial rotating conical cylinders, MN Noui-Mehidi, N Ohmura & K Kataoka
Internal-wave radiation from an oscillatory source in a depth-dependent medium, Dave Broutman & James W Rottman
Transient mixing events in stably stratified turbulence, DD Stretch, JW Rottman, KK Nomura & SK Venayagamoorthy
Wave forces on a body in confined waters, J Xia & JR Krokstad
Experimental observations of Rayleigh-Taylor instability in a shock tube, Xiao-Liang Wang & Motoyuki Itoh
Hydrodynamic performance of a vortex generator, PA Brandner & GJ Walker
Numerical study on the dynamics of a cavitation bubble near a rigid body, MT Shervani-Tabar & Kh Arshadi

Industrial Flows
Numerical simulation of abrasive water jet for different taper inlet angles, Dewan H Ahmed, Elias Siores, Jamal Naser & Frank L Chen
Plumes driven by free-falling streams of solid particles, Paul Cooper, Zeqin Liu & Peter W Wypych
A 3D Navier-Stokes solver for the design and analysis of turbomachinery, I Huntsman & R Hothersall
Influence of temperature boundary conditions in the wire-coating process, BP Huynh
Comparative study of flow in a mixing vessel stirred by a solid disk and a four bladed impeller, L Mununga, K Hourigan & MC Thompson
Using free and restricted sloshing waves for control of structural oscillations, Tam D Truong, S Eren Semercigil & Özden F Turan
Sloshing control with container flexibility, M Gradinscak, S Eren Semercigil & Özden F Turan
A flow visualization study on the movements of solid particles propelled by a collapsing cavitation bubble, WK Soh & B Willis
Computing flow in a spiral particle separator, YM Stokes
Continuous rheometry for industrial slurries, TJ Akroyd & QD Nguyen

Jets and Wakes
Energy harvesting eel, JJ Allen, AH Techet, RM Kelso & AJ Smits
Large Eddy Simulation of flow past a circular cylinder, HM Blackburn & S Schmidt
Flow interaction between two spheres at moderate Reynolds number, AD Brydon & MC Thompson
On the mechanisms of wake-body interactions in a tandem array of two square cylinders, KL Lai & MK Bull
A comparison of forced and freely oscillating cylinders, J Carberry, J Sheridan & D Rockwell
The structure of round zero-net-mass flux jets, JE Cater & J Soria
Measurements of a rectangular confined jet, LP Chua, AC Lua & TCW Loh
Measurements of turbulent Prandtl number of a heated square jet, LP Chua, YF Li, T Zhou & CMS Yu
Axis-switching of a square jet, LPChua, YF Li, CMS Yu & T Zhou
Velocity measurements in a mechanical precessing jet flow using Particle Image Velocimetry, KC Clayfield, RM Kelso, GM Schneider & GJ Nathan
On the evolution of the large-scale structures in the far field of the plane jet, D Ewing
Scalar mixing of zero-net-mass-flux jets in crossflow, M Gordon & J Soria
The influence of the nozzle outlet shape on swirl flow, C Grubb & S Rajagopalan
On centerline distributions of velocity and momentum in synthetic jet actuator flows, G Hong, SG Mallinson, C Lee & QP Ha
Vorticity transport associated with the dominant vertical structure of twin jets in crossflow, V Kolář, H Takao, T Todoroki, E Savory, S Okamoto & N Toy
Effect of a neighbouring vibrating cylinder on a circular cylinder wake, WC Lai, Yu Zhou, K Lam & RMC So
Spreading of energetic submerged fountains impinging on a rigid surface, DM Holstein & CJ Lemckert
Three dimensional transition in a Bickley Jet: Comparison of theory with DNS, R Mallier & MC Haslam
Numerical simulation of membrane forcing effects on synthetic jet actuator flows, SG Mallinson & JA Reizes
Bifurcation of neutrally buoyant jets in stratified environments, PL Morgan & SW Armfiel
Structures in a round homogeneous jet at low Reynolds number, PL O’Neill & D Honnery, J Soria
Control of an axisymmetric jet using a passive ring, RParker, S Rajagopalan & RA Antonia
Further evidence for a transition in small-scale turbulence, BR Pearson & P-Å Krogstad
Study of shock wave characteristics of supersonic diesel fuel jets using a shadowgraph technique, K Pianthong, S Zakrzewski, Masud Behnia & BE Milton
Metastable wake states for flow past a cylinder close to a free surface, PJ Reichl, K Hourigan & MC Thompson
Stationary and oscillating cylinders in the presence of a free-surface, J Carberry, J Sheridan & D Rockwell
Velocity-velocity difference correlations and the sweeping decorrelation hypothesis, RJ Smalley & RA Antonia
Application of the forced Stuart-Landau model to cylinder wake oscillation, MC Thompson & P Le Gal
Large Eddy Simulation of a turbulent jet, AT Webb & NN Mansour
Effect of initial conditions on the turbulence structures various scales in a self-preserving wake, Yu Zhou & Hui Li
Quantification of mixing characteristics for the optimisation of combustion in rotary kilns, Jordan J Parham, GJ Nathan & Zeyad T Alwahabi
Phase averaged velocity field within a fluidic precessing jet nozzle, CY Wong, PV Lanspeary, GJ Nathan, RM Kelso & T O’Doherty
The influence of probe resolution on measurements of fluctuating scalar and its dissipation rate, J Mi & GJ Nathan
Scalar mixing characteristics of a self-excited flip-flop jet nozzle, J Mi & GJ Nathan
Preliminary study of oscillating triangular jets, SK Lee, PV Lanspeary, GJ Nathan, RM Kelso & J Mi
The role of unsteadiness within a central jet on the structure of a combined central and co-annular jet flow, NL Smith & GJ Nathan
A mechanism for jet precession in axisymmetric sudden expansions, RM Kelso
On the structural differences between elevated and flush-mounted transverse jets, PRE Cutler & RM Kelso

Multiphase Flow
Verification of drag coefficient model through simulation of FCIs premixing experiment, X Cao & Y Tobita
Strong interactions between free-surface aeration and turbulence down a staircase channel, Hubert Chanson & Luke Toombes
Two-phase electronic cooling using small diameter tubes, TMD Chowdhury & F Kaminaga
Modelling of bubble dynamics in a Venturi flow with a potential flow method , MJ Gaston, JA Reizes & GM Evans
Viscosity effects in the discharge of a two-layer liquid through an orifice, JL Liow, M Juusela & NB Gray
Sound emission processes on bubble detachment, Richard Manasseh, AV Bui, J Sandercock & A Ooi
Fluid flow through a channel with porous wall under a transverse magnetic field, S Meena
Numerical investigation and measurement of transient two-phase boiling flow, GH Yeoh, JY Tu, E Krepper & H-M Prasser
Numerical and experimental investigation of high speed two-phase condensing flow of steam in LP turbine cascade, MZ Yusoff, ZA Mamat, F Bakhtar, I Hussein, MH Bosrooh & Z Ahmad

Non-Newtonian Flows
Parallel simulation of viscoelastic flow past an array of cylinders by an unstructured FVM algorithm, Hua-Shu Dou & Nhan Phan-Thien
Visualization of turbulent structure in the drag-reducing flow of aqueous surfactant solution, Motoyuki Itoh & Y Kurokawa
Drag coefficient for arrays of cylinders in flows of power-law fluids, PDM Spelt, T Selerland, CJ Lawrence & PD Lee

Oceanography
The role of internal waves in the layering of outflows from semi-enclosed seas, AA Bidokhi & Ross W Griffiths
Incipient motion of bivalve shells on sand beds under currents, Subhasish Dey
The Kelvin-Helmholtz to Holmboe instability transition in stratified exchange flows, AMcC Hogg & GN Ivey
Damping of internal gravity waves in stratified fluids, Graham O Hughes
Potential vorticity “crises: and western boundary current separation, AE Kiss
Double-diffusive plumes in a homogeneous environment, JS Turner

Pipe Flow
Interaction of a hydraulic transient with a leak in a pipe flow, L Jönsson
Optimization of pipelines containing fluid against divergence, KY Maalawi & MA Ziada
Spectral element base simulation of turbulent pipe flow, S Schmidt, DM McIver, HM Blackburn, M Rudman & GJ Nathan
Turbulent pipe flow: An analysis of mean-flow characteristics, JP Monty, S Hafez, MB Jones & MS Chong
Weakly turbulent pipe flow of a power law fluid, M Rudman, HM Blackburn, LJ Graham & L Pullum
A boundary layer growth model for one-dimensional turbulent unsteady pipe friction, MF Lambert, JP Vítkovský, AR Simpson & A Bergant
Analysis of a transient in a pipeline with a leak using Laplace transforms, X Wang, MF Lambert & AR Simpson

Wind Engineering
Surface roughness and free stream turbulence effects on the lift axial correlation length of a circular cylinder, M Eaddy, WH Melbourne & J Sheridan
The effect of turbulence intensity on stall of the NACA 0021 aerofoil, KE Swalwell, J Sheridan & WH Melbourne